During 1970-1994, environmental planning coalesced around an integrative framework that sought to align management practice, planning procedure, and policy across sectors to achieve coherent sustainability outcomes. Environmental management systems and integrative planning emerged as organizing devices that linked sectoral actions with institutional governance, enabling more systematic decision-making. Land-use planning became the central instrument shaping environmental decisions in both rural and urban contexts, connecting agricultural land management with urban redevelopment and conservation aims. Impact assessment and ecological survey methods matured as routine planning tools, with explicit attention to ecological constraints, metrics, and landscape-scale planning, facilitating planning across multiple sites. Discourse, policy framing, and governance debates influenced the choice of instruments, while sustainable development provided a cross-cutting objective guiding environmental management, land use, and development planning. Historical Significance: The period established groundwork for polycentric, adaptive governance in environmental planning and embedded sustainability as a policy anchor across jurisdictions. It advanced the integration of ecological constraints into planning practice and elevated landscape-scale thinking, setting precedents for later global declarations and national strategies that sought to balance growth with ecological limits.